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Hitachi Cable has developed by adding zirconium (Zr) for enhanced rolling copper, cathode active material for the use of silicon and other alloy materials, a new generation of lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Since the copper foil of the alloy has a strength capable of withstanding the negative electrode active material of the volume change, so it not only can be used for mobile terminals and other consumer products, is also expected for the hybrid vehicle use, etc..

Aimed at increasing the energy density of lithium-ion rechargeable battery means, there is the use of charge-discharge capacity than the current mainstream silicon-carbon-like material such as alloy type of material, as the negative electrode collector body fixation on the surface of copper foil of the negative active material technology. But the alloy type of material in the discharge of the volume change is greater than the carbon-like material, repeated charge and discharge when the copper foil by the stress, resulting in negative active material and lead foil strip, resulting in shortened life expectancy. And in order to improve the energy density, the general use of the thickness of 8 ~ 10μm thin copper foil, a new generation of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, also called thin to achieve the same degree. Therefore need to develop a higher strength of copper foil, to resist the negative electrode alloy material volume change.

Hitachi Cable products, select from the existing elastic limit stress of high and excellent processability copper alloy “HCL02Z”, as the development of basic materials. HCL02Z containing 0.02% Zr, with the original copper anode materials used in high purity copper and electrolytic copper foil rolling than the more intense. In addition, in order to further increase with the negative active material of the adhesion, but also on the HCL02Z of rolled products were surface treatment. With trial batteries evaluation tests confirmed that no plastic deformation occurs, the battery life when compared with the use of electrolytic copper foil extending more than 10%. Representative HCL02Z tensile strength 450N/mm2, the minimum thickness of 6μm, maximum width of 570mm.

Computer City’s sales staff in answering the question on the lithium battery life, it is usually to say “can charge × 100 times.” If you really understand it, it had funny. In fact the correct way of expression should be “lithium battery life, the completion of its charge cycle, the number of relevant, and the number of charge cycles without any ambiguous relationship.”

We all know that one of the advantages of lithium batteries is that you can at any time at a convenient time for the lithium-ion battery charger, rather than insisted charge after trying to run out of power. So, what is called charge cycles? A charge cycle means that the battery power from the full use of all air, and then from the empty to full charge of the process, which is not equivalent to recharge a battery. To put it simply, 600 mA Li-ion battery, the first time you charge from 0 milliamperes to 400 milliamperes, with ah, ah, the N mA; and then you charge the 150 mA, and then the N mA ; and finally re-charge 100 milliamperes, when the last charge to 50 mA, when a piece of the battery charge cycle is up. (400 +150 +50 = 600)

1 Lithium-Ion battery on the first day only half of the electricity, and then it is fully charged. If the next day also so, that is, with half of the charge, a total of two charge down, this can only be counted as one charge cycle, rather than two. So it is usually possible to go through several times to complete one cycle of charge. Each complete a charge cycle, power consumption will be reduced a little. This is why a lot of use of lithium batteries cell phones would often say: “This broken cell phones, can be bought back 4 days, and now charge a battery can only be used three half days,” reasons. However, this reduction in power consumption rate is very small, high-quality battery charge cycle many times, will still retain 80% of the original Inspiron 700m battery,Inspiron 710m battery capacity, a lot of lithium-powered products are still open after the use of two or three years. Of course, life of lithium to be replaced eventually.

The life of lithium is generally a charge cycle 300-500. Assumed to provide a complete discharge of electricity for the 1Q, if not consider each charge cycle after the reduction of electricity consumption, then the life of lithium in its offer, or a total of 300Q-500Q for additional power. From this we know that if each with 1 / 2 on the charge, you can charge 600-1000 times; if each with 1 / 3 on the charge, you can charge at 900-1500. And so, if the random charging, the indefinite number of times. In short, no matter how filled, a total of 300Q-500Q added into the electricity that is constant. Therefore, we can also interpret it this way: Lithium battery life and battery power on the total charge, and the number of unrelated charge. Release of deep and shallow depth charge put sufficient light for the life of the impact of lithium or less the same. Well, some MP3 manufacturers publicity, said that “a certain type MP3 using powerful lithium batteries, rechargeable more than 1,500 times.” This is purely deceive consumers ignorant.

In fact, the light put more light rechargeable lithium battery for the benefits of the product only in the power supply module for the lithium to do calibration, the only deep deep release sufficient necessary. Therefore, the use of lithium-powered products do not have to rigidly adhere to the process, all to facilitate the first, charging at any time without having to worry about affecting life expectancy

Li-ion battery maintenance:

Temperatures should not be too high

If the above specified operating temperature, ie above 35 ° C environment, the use of lithium electricity, battery power will continue to decrease, that is, the battery power will not take as long as usual. If such a temperature, but also for the device charging, it will be more damage to the battery. Even in a relatively hot environment, storage batteries(compaq EVO N400 battery, compaq EVO N410 battery), the battery will be the inevitable result of the quality of the corresponding damage. So, try to keep in proper operating temperature is beneficial to extend the life of lithium a good way.

Is too low is not good

If the low-temperature environment, namely 4 ° C following the use of lithium, the same will find the battery usage time decrease, and some mobile phones Yuanzhuanglidian the environment even at low temperatures can not be recharged electricity. But do not worry too much, this is a temporary situation, is different from the use of high-temperature environment, once the temperature rose up, the battery in the molecular heat, immediately revert to a previous charge.

Life is Movement

To play the largest lithium-ion battery performance, often need to use it, so that the electronic lithium battery is always in flux. If you do not often use lithium electricity, be sure to remember that a month to complete a charge cycle, lithium, do a power calibration, that is, the deep dark place on one charge.

Battery UPS systems are an important part of its direct bearing on the merits of the entire UPS system reliability. No matter how UPS designed for advanced features complete how, once the battery failure, even the best UPS is also unable to provide uninterrupted power supply. Do not use cheap and inferior quality due to covet lead-acid batteries, it will affect the whole UPS system reliability, and will therefore result in greater losses. The entire UPS system Inspiron 1100 battery,Inspiron 1150 battery mean time to failure (MTBF) the shortest part. If the proper use and maintenance, will be able to extend its life, instead of its service life will be shortened. Therefore, we must understand the basic principles and the use of battery considerations.

Lead-acid batteries

Types of batteries in general can be divided into lead-acid batteries, maintenance-free lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, taking into account the load conditions, the use of the environment, life and cost and other factors, UPS generally opt for valve-regulated lead-acid maintenance-free battery. Its main feature is the charge generated when the cathode-board oxygen through chemical reaction in the negative plate reduced to water, use the specified float lifetime without adding water to maintain, so-called maintenance-free lead-acid batteries. Maintenance-free battery is only when compared with the normal use of the process eliminates the need to add water or distilled water, adjust the electrolyte surface of the work is not relieved of all maintenance work. On the contrary, in order to achieve the UPS uninterrupted power supply, we must be more careful in safeguarding and maintenance of a good lead-acid maintenance-free batteries.

The main factors that affect the life and precautions

Here’s what the major factors affecting battery life and use of the process should pay attention to matters:

 ⑴ ambient temperature greater impact on the battery. The ambient temperature is too high, the battery will overcharge produces gas, the ambient temperature is too low, then the battery will charge enough, it will affect battery life. Therefore, the general requirements of the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ or so, UPS also operate float voltage temperature setting. Practical applications, the battery is generally 5 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ within the charge, below 5 ℃ or above 35 ℃ will greatly reduce the battery capacity and shorten battery life.

 ⑵ depth of discharge of the battery life also has great influence. The deeper the battery depth of discharge, the fewer the number of its recycling, and therefore should avoid the use of depth of discharge. Although the UPS has a battery low potential protection, the general single-cell, when discharged to 10.5V or so, UPS will automatically shut down. However, if the UPS is in light-load or no load discharge discharge cases, may cause the battery depth of discharge.

⑶ batteries Inspiron 1300 battery,Inspiron 1420 battery in storage, transportation, installation process, a result of loss of part of the self-discharge capacity. Therefore, after installation before put into use should be based on the open circuit voltage of the battery to determine the remaining battery capacity, then a different approach to supplement charging of the batteries. Set aside for spare batteries, every 3 months should be a supplementary charge. Can be by measuring the battery open circuit voltage to determine if the battery is good or bad. To 12V battery, for example, if the open circuit voltage is higher than 12.5V, the battery energy storage, said there are more than 80%, if the open circuit voltage lower than 12.5V, you should immediately supplement charge. If the open circuit voltage less than 12V, the battery stores electrical energy, said less than 20%, the battery unserviceable.

⑷ battery charge and discharge currents generally C expressed, C the actual value related to battery capacity. For example, 100AH batteries, C = 100A. Matsushita Lead-acid maintenance-free battery charging current is 0.1C best around, the charge current can not exceed 0.3C. Charge current is too large or too small will affect the battery life. The discharge current general requirements in 0.05C ~ 3C between, UPS in normal use can satisfy this requirement, but it should also prevent the occurrence of unexpected situations, such as the battery short-circuit and so on.

⑸ charge voltage. As part of UPS battery backup works, electricity is in charge state under normal circumstances, only the power outage will discharge. To extend battery life, UPS chargers generally use the constant pressure limiting control over the way, the battery is full to float charge after state, each section about float voltage is set to 13.6V. If the charging voltage is too high will cause the battery before charging, the battery will charge less than the contrary. Charging voltage anomaly may be caused by configuration errors caused by the battery or charger malfunctions due. Therefore, when installation of the battery, the battery must pay attention to the correctness of the specifications and quantities of different specifications, different batches of cells do not mix. Do not use inferior charger plus a charger, but also to consider when installing heat dissipation problem. At present, in order to further improve the battery life, and advanced UPS have adopted a kind of ABM (Advanced Battery Management) three-stage intelligent battery management program, that is, charge is divided into initialization charge, floating charge and rest three stages: the first stage is constant flow equilibrium charge, charge the battery capacity to 90%; second stage is floating Chong Chongdian charge the battery capacity to 100%, and then stop charging; third stage is a natural discharge, at this stage, the battery using its own leakage current discharge, until the minimum voltage required, and then repeat the above three stages. In this way the kind of changes that were previously fully charged even after the battery in the 24h day of the float state, thereby extending battery life.

As a result of ⑹ maintenance-free Inspiron 1501 battery,Inspiron 1520 battery electrolyte absorption system, in normal use will not produce any gas, but if the user used improperly, causing the battery before charging, it will produce gas, this time pressure will increase the battery, the battery pressure valve on top of open, serious cause battery burst.

⑺ UPS running the process, pay attention to monitor the battery terminal voltage value, float current value, each battery voltage, battery and the DC bus to ground resistance and insulation status.

⑻ not individually increase or decrease in the number of single cell battery load, which will result in the capacity of single battery charge imbalance and uneven one, reduce battery life.

⑼ the battery should be installed as far as possible in a clean, cool, ventilated, dry place, and to avoid sunlight, heaters or other heat sources of radiation effects. Batteries should be placed on positive legislation, non-tilt. Each battery should be firmly connected between the terminals.

⑽ regularly maintained. The battery in use after a certain time should be regularly inspected, such as observations of their appearance is abnormal, measurement of the battery voltage is the average and so on. If you are not a long-term power outage, the battery will always be in a state of charge, this would allow the activity of the battery deterioration. So, even if power outages, UPS is also needed on a regular basis to keep the battery discharge test in order to make active. Discharge test can generally be carried out for three months time, practice is UPS with a set - preferably 50% or more, and then disconnect the electricity, so that UPS is in battery discharge status, discharge duration, depending on battery capacity is usually in terms of a few ms to tens of ms, discharge to resume electricity supply, continue to charge the battery.

Conclusion

To understand and clearly affect the service life of lead-acid Inspiron 1521 battery,Inspiron 1525 battery in the course of the main factors and should pay attention to matters in our UPS system, the proper use and maintenance of lead-acid batteries are a great help. Hope that in their daily work, the proper use and maintenance of a good lead-acid batteries so that it can get a more rational use.

Although the fuel battery  industry in recent years through a series of false start, but the market research PikeResearch is still predicted, global portable fuel cell market size by 2009 185 million dollars in 2016, expanded to 2.3 billion. The report noted that owing to a series of portable applications to provide clean, reliable power source, the fuel cell is becoming a consumer electronics, emergency communications systems, and industrial handheld devices such as power a new choice.

PikeResearch analyst ClintWheelock, said a variety of special applications will be in the next few years continue to be the fuel cell market, the driving force, but also an increasing number of equipment manufacturers found that fuel cell technology is an attractive traditional battery alternatives, or can be used as portable applications, small generators. He also added that from the Government’s financial assistance, as well as military, industrial and other applications of direct procurement is to enable the commercialization of portable fuel cells, the gradual rise of a major part.

The research firm estimates that in 2016 the market’s main fuel cell power generation capacity will be 500watt ~ 2kilowatt between the alternative ship, battlefield support systems (combatsupportsystems) as well as the auxiliary power unit (auxiliarypowerunits) Application of the gasoline and diesel generators. The 100 ~ 500watt products will be a market demand for the second-largest, the main application is the emergency system batteries, power tools, and unmanned vehicles and so on.